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Christmas Peace
Christmas Peace ((フィンランド語:joulurauha), (スウェーデン語:julfrid)) is a tradition based on old Scandinavian legislation created by Birger Jarl in the 13th century, extending the tradition of the Truce of God. Offenders who committed crimes on religious holidays like Christmas were given harsher punishments. Today it is a tradition to recommend that people behave in a respectful and peaceful manner at Christmas.〔(Roots of the Christmas Peace in ancient peace legislation ) City of Turku. Retrieved 5 December 2013.〕 The Declaration of Christmas Peace has remained in Finland where it is an essential part of the Christmas tradition.〔(The Declaration of Christmas Peace ) City of Turku. Retrieved 9 December 2013.〕
== Declaration of Christmas Peace in Finland ==
Declaration of Christmas Peace is announced in several Finnish cities on Christmas Eve. The oldest and most popular event is held at noon at the Old Great Square of the former Finnish capital Turku where the declaration has been read since the 1320s.〔 The most significant exceptions to this are thought to be the years of the Greater Wrath when Finland was under Russian occupation which lasted from 1712 to 1721, and the single years missed during both the 1917 militia strike and the Winter War year of 1939.〔 There may also have been a break between 1800 and 1815.〔
The Turku declaration has been broadcast by the Finnish Broadcasting Company since 1935. National television broadcasts started in 1983 and the Turku declaration has also been seen on the Swedish television since 1986. The event can be viewed via the internet as well. Besides Turku, the declaration is also announced in some of the oldest Finnish towns like Rauma, Porvoo, Pori〔 and the Estonian city of Tartu.〔(Christmas Peace is Proclaimed ), Tartu Postimees.ee, retrieved 26 December 2013〕
Music has been a part of the event since the 17th century. Traditional instruments used include the bagpipes, timpanis and various string instruments.〔 The current format was established in 1903.〔 It starts with the hymn ''A Mighty Fortress Is Our God'' and is followed by the declaration which is announced by a city official at midday. As the declaration is read in Finnish and Swedish, the public sings the ''Finnish national anthem'' in both languages afterward. The event ends with ''March of the Men of Pori'' which is usually played by a local military band, usually from the Finnish Navy.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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